Poems of the Great War
Inspiration for 'In Memoriam'
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Poems of the Great War
Inspiration for 'In Memoriam'
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Arras, 16 May 1916
The entry for 16th May in the Battalion War Diary reads as follows:
The two soldiers from the battalion listed as killed on the day of this raid can be confirmed as Privates John McDowell and David Sutherland. Research into the details of these two soldiers has established that Private McDowell's body was retrieved and taken back to the British lines because he has a grave at Maroeuil British Military Cemetery. 'The Bosches have got his body'Private Sutherland, however, who is the soldier 'David' in the poem, does not have a known grave and his name is inscribed on the Memorial to the Missing at Arras at the Faubourg d'Amiens British Military Cemetery. It can be assumed that "the man left dead in the German lines" mentioned in the battalion war diary is David Sutherland: 'And the Bosches have got his body'. The Germans may well have buried him in a marked grave at the time, but the whereabouts of his body are now no longer known and he is listed as missing by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It is not known if the relationship between the two men was that they were friends. But, as the junior officer in command of Private Sutherland at the time, Lt Mackintosh would have come to know him through his duty of having to read outgoing letters from his men for censorship reasons. David Sutherland was from Achreamie in Caithness, a rural region in the far north of Scotland. The type of letter David would write to his father is reflected in the words of the second verse: 'Not a word of the fighting, Just the sheep on the hill'. David was aged 19 when he died. In a recently published book about E A Mackintosh, Can't Shoot a Man with a Cold (2), the authors have discovered that David was not an only son, as he is described in the poem. He was in fact one of two sons. Their father was named Sinclair and their mother was the late Williamina Sutherland. Williamina had died in 1908 when David was 11 years old. David's brother also served in the Great War and returned home. An Award for GallantryFor his gallantry during the raid 2nd Lieutenant (temporary Lieutenant) Ewart Alan Mackintosh was awarded the Military Cross. The citation for his award is listed in the Supplement to the London Gazette, dated 24th June 1916:
Biography of E A MackintoshFor those wishing to learn more about Mackintosh the biography Can't Shoot a Man with a Cold is highly recommended. Acknowledgements (1) War Diary of 5th Battalion Seaforth Highlanders (51st Highland Division) ref. WO95/2866 Public Record Office (2) Can't Shoot a Man with a Cold, Colin Campbell and Rosalind Green, (2004) The London Gazette online Copyright Joanna Legg & Graham Parker © 2002 All rights reserved. Updated May 2005. |
On
the evening of 16th May, 1916 Lieutenant Ewart Alan Mackintosh
(1893-1917) and Second Lieutenant Mackay of the 5th Battalion Seaforth
Highlanders (of the 51st Highland Division) led a raid on the German trenches
in the area north west of Arras. The experience of the raid clearly had
a profound effect on Lt Mackintosh and, in particular, the death of one
of his men, David Sutherland, inspired him to write the poem 'In Memoriam'.
Lieutenant Mackintosh was killed eighteen months later on 21st November
1917 during the Battle of Cambrai. He is buried in Orival Wood cemetery,
Flesquières, northern France (Plot I, row A, grave 26). He was
an extremely popular member of the battalion.